RESUMEN
The role of the emergency provider lies at the forefront of recognition and treatment of novel and re-emerging infectious diseases in children. Familiarity with disease presentations that might be considered rare, such as vaccine-preventable and non-endemic illnesses, is essential in identifying and controlling outbreaks. As we have seen thus far in the novel coronavirus pandemic, susceptibility, severity, transmission, and disease presentation can all have unique patterns in children. Emergency providers also have the potential to play a public health role by using lessons learned from the phenomena of vaccine hesitancy and refusal.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/epidemiología , Pediatría , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/terapia , COVID-19/transmisión , Varicela/diagnóstico , Varicela/terapia , Varicela/transmisión , Fiebre Chikungunya/diagnóstico , Fiebre Chikungunya/terapia , Fiebre Chikungunya/transmisión , Niño , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/inmunología , Árboles de Decisión , Dengue/diagnóstico , Dengue/terapia , Dengue/transmisión , Medicina de Emergencia , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/diagnóstico , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/terapia , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/transmisión , Humanos , Incidencia , Malaria/diagnóstico , Malaria/terapia , Malaria/transmisión , Sarampión/diagnóstico , Sarampión/terapia , Sarampión/transmisión , Rol del Médico , Salud Pública , SARS-CoV-2 , Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica , Enfermedad Relacionada con los Viajes , Vacunación , Negativa a la Vacunación , Tos Ferina/diagnóstico , Tos Ferina/terapia , Tos Ferina/transmisión , Infección por el Virus Zika/diagnóstico , Infección por el Virus Zika/terapia , Infección por el Virus Zika/transmisiónRESUMEN
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Mass gathering events bring people from across all continents increasing the risk of spread of aerosol transmissible respiratory tract infections. Respiratory tract infections for instance in pilgrims attending the world's largest recurring annual pilgrimage, the Hajj are common. We review recent literature on viral and bacterial infectious diseases with special focus on the Hajj. RECENT FINDINGS: The prevalence of bacterial and viral infections continue to increase, because of the acquisition of rhinovirus, coronaviruses (229E, HKU1, OC43), influenza A H1N1, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus during Hajj. Whilst MERS-CoV continues to circulate in the Middle East, no cases of MERS-CoV have yet been identified in pilgrims during Hajj. SUMMARY: Respiratory tract infections are a major cause of morbidity in pilgrims attending mass gathering events. The management of severe respiratory infections should consider investigation and empirical coverage for the most likely agents based on syndromic surveillance data from hosting country and /or other relevant exposure history during events. Pneumococcal and Pertussis vaccines should be recommended for Hajj pilgrims.